Codice identificativo insegnamento: 095839
Programma sintetico: Combustibili e combustione. Meccanismi di formazione dei principali
inquinanti. Tecniche per il controllo degli inquinanti in sede di
combustione e per il trattamento degli effluenti. Misura della
concentrazione di inquinanti in effluenti gassosi. Analisi di secondo
principio di cicli di potenza. Analisi dei processi per produzione di
energia elettrica mediante cicli a vapore, turbine a gas, cicli
combinati: caratteristiche termodinamiche e tecnologiche, aspetti
progettuali ed economici, prestazioni, combustibili e impatto
ambientale, regolazione. Generatori di vapore. Scambiatori di calore e
smaltimento del calore in ambiente (sistemi ad acqua aperti, a secco,
con torri evaporative). La cogenerazione di elettricità e calore:
risparmi energetici, indici di prestazione, tecnologie, curve di
funzionamento, fattibilità economica. Fluidi frigorigeni e cicli
frigoriferi.
Energy scenario: seminar giving
an overview of world energy demand, production, expected evolution.
Fuels and combustions:
Basic properties of fossil fuels, stoichiometry and energy balance of
combustion reactions, evaluation of parameters relevant for the
assessment of the performance of fossil fuel-fired energy systems.
Steam Cycles:
Basic thermodynamic features and configuration. Regeneration and reheat.
Optimization of operating parameters. Interaction between cycle
parameters, scale and turbo-machine performance. Architecture and basic
issues of steam generators. Material issues. Modern Ultra-Super-Critical
plants.
1st and 2nd Law analysis: Energy balances
of energy conversion systems. Fundamentals of 2nd Law analysis.
Applications to the basic processes encountered in energy conversion
systems. Reactive systems and combustion.
Gas turbines and combined cycles:
Basic thermodynamic features and configuration of Joule cycles.
Regeneration, intercooling and reheat. Choice of cycle parameters vs
type of duty and application. Material issues and blade cooling.
Motivation and basic features of combined cycle configuration. Heat
Recovery Steam Generators.
Economic analysis:
Basic approach and tools to evaluate the cost of electricity.
Comparative analysis of most relevant fossil fuel-based and
renewable-source-based power plants.
Heat exchangers & steam generators:
Architecture, basic features and issues of the heat exchangers utilized
in large energy conversion systems. Case study on heat rejection by a
large power plant.
Cogeneration: Meaning and
motivation of cogeneration. Applications to steam cycles, gas turbine
and combined cycles, internal combustion engines. District heating
applications. Performance indexes.
Refrigeration cycles and heat pumps:
Inverse thermodynamic cycles. Choice of working fluids and
configuration. Multi-level arrangement.
Appunti:
Esercizi:
Per altri esercizi e temi d'esame fare riferimento al corso parallelo di ingegneria energetica: sistemi energetici.